Proximate analysis of coal and coke using the sta 8000. Proximate and ultimate analysis energy sgs indonesia. Mar 12, 2016 coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen. Compared with standard coal based coking blends, the ash content is much lower, fixed carbon is higher and volatile matter is in the same order. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to. Compared with standard coalbased coking blends, the ash content is much lower, fixed carbon is.
Carbon and hydrogen are the principal combustible elements in coal. Petroleum coke petcoke is a challenging fuel in terms of its complexity. The ultimate analysis is useful in determining required air for combustion for power plants coal. Ultimate and proximate correlations for estimating the higher.
They are a good approximation of the contents of packaged comestible goods and serve as a costeffective and easy verification of nutritional panels. However, h is mostly associated with volatile matter and hence it influences the use of coal. Coal is composed primarily of carbon along with variable quantities of other elements, chiefly hydrogen, sulphur, oxygen, nitrogen. Proximate and ultimate analysis of power plant coal. In order to promote public education and public safety, equal justice for all, a better informed citizenry, the rule of law, world trade and world peace, this legal document is hereby made available on a noncommercial basis, as it is the right of all humans to know and speak the laws that govern them. Numerical on proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. Ultimate analysis determines the chemical composition of coal i. Fuels classification solid fuels science essays essay. Proximate analyses and predicting hhv of chars obtained. Lab analysis analysis such as proximate, gross calorific value, ultimate, bulk density and the chemical composition of. The amounts of fixed carbon and volatile combustible matter directly contribute to the heating value of coal. Chemical content and properties in the form of proximate and ultimate analyses, whose analytical conditions are prescribed by organizations such as astm. In this work, fuel characteristics such as proximate analysis, ultimate.
Jaygopal et al comparison of combustion characteristics of petcoke and indian sub bituminous coal in a cfb test facility 101 international journal of thermal technologies, vol. Fixed carbon is the material, other than ash, that does not vaporize. Higher heating value hhv and analysis of chars obtained from cocracking of petroleum vacuum residue xvr with coal sc, biomass bg, cl and plastics pp, ps, bl are important which define the energy content and determine the clean and efficient use of these chars. Chemical analyses and physical properties of 12 coal samples. The sta8000 simultaneous thermal analyzer sta is able to analyze coal and coke to obtain proximate analysis data volatiles, fixed carbon and ash using 10 to 100 milligram samples. Proximate and ultimate analyses of the coals and biomass were conducted. Proximate and ultimate analyses done in our stateoftheart laboratories deliver timely, accurate and independent results from your coal, coke and biofuel samples. Coking is the severe thermal cracking process meant for producing distillate liquids. Characterization of the quality of coals from the illinois basin by r. Quality of this gasoline which is produced through cracking found to have.
A typical proximate analysis includes the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents. D3175 test method for volatile matter in the analysis sample of coal and coke. The proximate analysis determines only the fixed carbon, volatile matter, moisture and ash percentages and it can. Nov 03, 2016 analysis of coal proximate analysis proximate analysis includes the determination of moisture, volatile, ash and fixed carbon content. There are a large number of coal properties, such as ash and sulfur content, that are frequently measured to help determine if a particular coal is suitable for use in a particular process.
The ultimate aim of this investigation is to present mod ern chemical and physical property data and to interpret the results in accordance with the findings in the field. There are basically two types of analysis conducted on coal. Ecn phyllis classification fossil fuel coal petroleum coke. However, h is mostly associated with volatile matter and.
The fluidized bed cracking has the following advantages over fixedbed cracking. Proximate analyses and predicting hhv of chars obtained from. Pjla international standards wroldwide american petroleum institute. Analysis of coal, proximate and ultimate analysis, uses of coal fuel and nonfuel in various industries, its composition, carbonization of coal. The principal reason for the ultimate analysis of coal is for the classification of coals according to rank, although it is often used for commercial and industrial purposes when it is most desirable to know the sulfur content of coal. Coal, coke, and solid fuels texas oiltech laboratories. Calorific value, sulphur content, ashfusion temperature, andswelling index are often reported together with the proximate analysis. The elemental or ultimate analysis of coal or coke found in astm standard. D3173 test method for moisture in the analysis sample of coal and coke. The liquid phase was brown colored when straw and poplar were used as feedstock. One of the earliest and most popular correlations was the dulong correlation first introduced in the late 1800s and based on data from ultimate analysis of coal. Sep 29, 2016 for the aforementioned blend, taking into account the proximate analysis in table 1 and 2, the calculated blend proximate analysis is presented in table 6. Proximates are used in the analysis of biological materials as a decomposition of a humanconsumable good into its major constituents. Coal analysis techniques are specific analytical methods designed to measure the particular physical and chemical properties of coals.
Engineering, department of chemical and materials engineering. Proximate and ultimate analysis of power plant coal the proximate analysis determines only the fix carbon, volatile matter. Hatch1 introduction the goal of the illinois basin coal assessment project is to provide an overview of the geologic setting, distribution, resources, and quality of pennsylv anian coal in the illinois basin. In the jargon of the coal business, this procedure is called the ultimate analysis of coal. Ultimate analysis article about ultimate analysis by the. Ultimate analysis an overview sciencedirect topics. Thermogravimetric analysis tga which measures weight changes in a material with temperature provides a convenient method for performing a proximate analysis usually in less than 20 minutes. This paper demonstrates this utility using standard coal and coke samples. Thermolysis of highdensity polyethylene to petroleum products. Jan 28, 2015 state the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis of coal. Pdf an overview of conversion of residues from coal liquefaction. This international standard establishes a practice for the proximate analysis of coal and is intended for general utilization by the coal industry to provide a basis.
The primary or main source of fuels are coals and petroleum oils, the amount of which are decreasing. Pdf analysis of petroleum coke from low grade oily sludge of. Proximate to ultimate coal analysis energy engineering. Characterization of the quality of coals from the illinois basin. Chemical analyses and physical properties of 12 coal. American society for testing material astm, standard practice for ultimate analysis of coal and coke, astm standard d317697, 2015. Pet coke is a carbonaceous coal derived from a petroleum re nery coke unit or other cracking. Coal liquefaction residue, petroleum residue, residue characterisation, conversion technology. Proximate analysis of coal determines the moisture content of coal,volatile matter,ash content and fixed carbon of coal. The fixed carbon acts as a main heat generator during burning. D3174 test method for ash in the analysis sample of coal and coke from coal. Geochemical characterization of coals using proximate and.
Pdf a technique proximate and ultimate analysis of solid. D3180 practice for calculating coal and coke analyses from asdetermined to different bases. Enhancement of petroleum coke thermal reactivity using oxy. The analytical evaluation of properties such as moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash forms the proximate analysis.
Coal ultimate analysis is the determination of the weight percent of carbon as well as hydrogen, sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen. Table 3 shows the proximate analysis of the chars obtained from the cocracking of petroleum vacuum residue, plastics, coal and biomass. There are two methods to analyze coal which are called proximate analysis and ultimate analysis. The proximate and ultimate analyses of virgin hdpe sample are shown in table 3. D2234d2234m practice for collection of a gross sample of coal. Ultimate analysis, which is more comprehensive, is dependent on quantitative analysis of various elements present in the coal sample, such as carbon, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and nitrogen. The results show a wide range of the char characteristics.
Fixed carbon in coal part of proximate analysis, coal. There were many previous attempts made to correlate the hhv with data from proximate and ultimate analyses. The proximate analysis gives moisture content, volatile content when heated to 950 c, the free carbon remaining at that point, the ash mineral in the sample and the high heating value hhv based on the complete combustion of the sample to carbon dioxide and. Proximate analysis of the coal samples showed that enugu and benue coal deposits fall within the rank of subbituminous coal while delta is brown coal low, 1963. The analyses are useful o incinerator engineers as they are the basis for calcu jating air requirements, flue gas volumes, and heat and. The ultimate analysis is useful in determining the quantity of air required for combustion and volume and composition of combustion gases.
Fixed and combined carbon, h2, o2, n2, s, water and ash. State the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis of coal. What is the difference between proximate analysis and. The inherent moisture content of the coals ranged between 2. Lab analysis analysis such as proximate, gross calorific value, ultimate, bulk.
Other articles where ultimate analysis is discussed. Several investigations regarding the hhv of coals, biomass, and. Ultimate analysis specifies the elements of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur gan et al. Chemical analyses of refuse components abstract the proximate and ultimate analyses of 20 constitu ents of municipal and commercial refuse are presented, to gether with the calorific values.
Proximate and ultimate analyses of coal it includes the. Proximate analysis of coal is a simple laboratory method for determining the components of coal, obtained when the coal sample is heated pyrolysis under specified conditions. Proximate analyses and predicting hhv of chars obtained from cocracking of petroleum vacuum residue with coal, plastics and biomass article in bioresource technology 9911. The 12 coal channel samples were obtained from 5 coal beds that.
Ultimate and proximate analysis and hhv of poplar, wheat straw, and grass. D3176 practice for ultimate analysis of coal and coke. Coal gas, producer gas and water gas composition and uses. D5016 test method for total sulfur in coal and coke combustion residues. The economic value of subbituminous coal over brown coal have been well documented thomas, 1992. Effects of coal rank on physicochemical properties of coal and on. The ultimate analysis indicates the various elemental chemical constituents in coal such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen etc. It is a calculated value determined from other parameters measured in a proximate analysis, rather than through direct measurement astm method d317207a. Few tests other than these aredoneona routine basisbyqualitycontrol lab. However, since coal is a heterogeneous substance with a wide variety of ranks dependent on where it falls in the coalification process, a proximate analysis is needed to classify the coal. State the difference between ultimate and proximate analysis. In the present study the moisture content in the coals samples ranges between 7. Proximate to ultimate coal analysis mbeychok chemical 16 feb 07 19.
Petroleum coke or pet coke is a product obtained from oil of all kinds. The coal sample is extracted from a core and placed quickly in a canister to preserve as much gas as possible. D20d20m practice for preparing coal samples for analysis. The proximate analysis gives moisture content, volatile content when heated to 950 c, the free carbon remaining at that point, the ash mineral in the sample and the high heating value hhv based on the complete combustion of the sample to carbon dioxide and liquid water. Introduction proximate analysis has long been used to determine the rank of coals by. Determining the chemical analysis of coal coal education. Comparison of combustion characteristics of petcoke and.
Fixed carbon in coal part of proximate analysis fixed carbon is a measure of the amount of nonvolatile carbon remaining in a coal sample. Mjkg, whereas that from cl cracking showed a hhv of 18. Thermal analysis application brief summary proximate analysis is an important quality control parameter for coal and coke. The chemical approach to characterizing coals is to determine the amounts of the principal chemical elements in them. Variation of selected coal properties with coal rank. Sgs uses the results from ultimate analysis tests to determine the elemental composition of the coal including moisture, ash, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen by difference. In ultimate analysis, chemical determination of following elements is made by weight. Fixed carbon values versus volatile matter of the proximate coal analysis are used. Over the past two decades, emphasis on renewable fuels has led many. Sgs is a global leader in chemical analysis for the coal and coke industries.
Analysis of coal proximate analysis proximate analysis includes the determination of moisture, volatile, ash and fixed carbon content. D3175 test method for volatile matter in the analysis sample of coal. Proximate analysis parameters include sulfur, moisture, volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon. Standard test methods for proximate analysis of coal and coke. Ultimate analysis is also known as elemental analysis, it is the method to determine the carbon,hydrogen,nitrogen,sulphur and oxygen content present in solid fuel. Proximate analysis of coal mahajan and walker 1971.
The paper presents a technique for proximate and ultimate analyses of solid fuels and coal tars by integrating the simultaneous thermal analysis and mass spectrometry. Biomass fuels are characterized by what is called the proximate and ultimate analyses. The results of coal testing are utilized mainly for characterization, commercial grading or assigning ranks, and deciding the utilization for different purposes. Coal is the second largest source of fuel in the world, and it is also the most common fossil fuel for utility and power generation. The most frequently used analysis is a simple type of chemical analysis called a proximate analysis. Ultimate analysis tests produce more comprehensive results than the proximate analyses. Composition petroleum is a dark, greenish brown, viscous liquid that is found. Fractionation of coal tar, uses of coal tar based chemicals, requisites of a good metallurgical coke. Standard practice for proximate analysis of coal and coke.